A novel image matching approach for word spotting

Word spotting has been adopted and used by various researchers as a complementary technique to Optical Character Recognition for document analysis and retrieval. The various applications of word spotting include document indexing, image retrieval and information filtering. The important factors in word spotting techniques are pre-processing, selection and extraction of proper features and image matching algorithms. The Correlation Similarity Measure (CORR) algorithm is considered to be a faster matching algorithm, originally defined for finding similarities between binary patterns. In the word spotting literature the CORR algorithm has been used successfully to compare the GSC binary features extracted from binary word images, i.e., Gradient, Structural and Concavity (GSC) features. However, the problem with this approach is that binarization of images leads to a loss of very useful information. Furthermore, before extracting GSC binary features the word images must be skew corrected and slant normalized, which is not only difficult but in some cases impossible in Arabic and modified Arabic scripts. We present a new approach in which the Correlation Similarity Measure (CORR) algorithm has been used innovatively to compare Gray-scale word images. In this approach, binarization of images, skew correction and slant normalization of word images are not required at all. The various features, i.e., projection profiles, word profiles and transitional features are extracted from the Gray-scale word images and converted into their binary equivalents, which are compared via CORR algorithm with greater speed and higher accuracy. The experiments have been conducted on Gray-scale versions of newly created handwritten databases of Pashto and Dari languages, written in modified Arabic scripts. For each of these languages we have used 4599 words relating to 21 different word classes collected from 219 writers. The average precision rates achieved for Pashto and Dari languages were 93.18 % and 93.75 %, respectively. The time taken for matching a pair of images was 1.43 milli-seconds. In addition, we will present the handwritten databases for two well-known Indo- Iranian languages, i.e., Pashto and Dari languages. These are large databases which contain six types of data, i.e., Dates, Isolated Digits, Numeral Strings, Isolated Characters, Different Words and Special Symbols, written by native speakers of the corresponding languages

A travel safety model for women commuters

One of the most serious discussions on the contemporary urban travel in Malaysia is that of the design facilities that have failed to meet the demand of women travelers. This has led to a higher level of concern for a much safer travelling environment for many women travelers within the Kuala Lumpur conurbation. The main aim of this research is to determine the factors of travel safety among women commuter. This empirical research has used the structural fear dimension model as the underpinning theory. A quantitative and personal administered approach through quota sampling was used to conduct the study in Kuala Lumpur urban area. A sample of 312 respondents were selected throughout the survey. The results indicates that only bus service, infrastructure had significantly affect the travel safety of women travelers but when comes to moderating variable effects, only the combination of bus service and infrastructure affect the travel safety of a women travelers

Unit Interval Time and Magnitude Monitoring Using Beta and Unit Gamma Distributions

Quick detection of an assignable cause is necessary for process accuracy with respect to the specifications. The aim of this study is to monitor the time and magnitude processes based on unit-interval data. To this end, maximum exponentially weighted moving average (Max-EWMA) control chart for simultaneous monitoring time and magnitude of an event is proposed. To be precise, beta and unit gamma distributions are considered to develop the Max-EWMA chart. The chart’s performance is accessed using average run length (ARL), the standard deviation of run length (SDRL), and different quantiles of the run length distribution through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Besides a comprehensive simulation study, the proposed charting methodology is applied to a real data set. The results show that the proposed chart is more efficient in detecting small to medium-sized shifts. The results also indicate that simultaneous shifts are detected more quickly as compared to the pure shift

Some properties of two-fold symmetric analytic functions

In this paper, we introduce a new class of two-fold symmetric functions analytic in the unit disc. We prove such results as subordination and superordination properties, convolution properties, distortion theorems, and inequality properties of this new class

Feature Extraction on Medical Image using 2D Gabor Filter

Mammography is a specific type of imaging that produces an X-ray picture of the human breast. Detection of tumors at an early stage is important step in diagnosis of the abnormalities in mammograms. In many of the cases, preprocessing process of the raw image involving of enhancement, filtering and determination of textural features have been necessary for successful implementation of this study. Raw image is applied histogram equalization method in order to enhance the image intensity. Thus, the noise of that image is eliminated using Gaussian filtering method. Gabor wavelet based algorithm such Gabor filter is used to extract the feature of that images

A critical review on society’s perception on the usage of mosque

The uses or functions of mosques in the modern era has significantly evolved through the years since the very first mosque ever was built by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The spread of Islam throughout the world results in the different adaptation or representation of Islam in terms of architecture and symbolism of the religion. The result of evolution of the uses and the architectural symbolism of the mosques creates a stereotypical thinking of current local societies of what mosques are all about. Back in the days, the mosque was a place for the local society to connect to one another, held religious activities and other activities related to the local community. The mosque of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) does not emphasize on the aesthetical values but emphasize more on the function and needs of the local society. Mosques in the modern era emphasizes more on the aesthetical values and grandness rather than the function and needs of the local society. The main objective of this research is to identify what are the dominant factors that affect the stereotypical thinking of local society towards the usage of the mosque and how does the aesthetic values give impacts to the thinking of the local society

Lateral Pre-crash Sensing and Avoidance in Emotion Enabled Cognitive Agent based Vehicle-2-Vehicle Communication System

A novel inter-vehicle communication system based on emotion enabled cognitive (EEC) agent has been anticipated as an intelligent solution to evade the road catastrophe due to hasty decisions by drivers. An input stimulus is processed in human brain using a short route and a long route during any emergency situation. The proposed EEC agent, mounted inside a vehicle, acts like a human brain and is stirred by short route information processing mechanism of human brain in fear condition. The results are acquired for the decisions made by the proposed approach through the EEC agent using short route and human drivers using long route during urgent situations. A pre crash sensing and avoidance algorithm has been proposed as well to mitigate the lateral or side by side collision using EEC agent.  Experimental findings reveal that by commencing emotions with cognition, and using formulated L-PCSA algorithm, lateral collisions chances can be sensed and avoided to secure the valued lives of passengers. It has been pragmatic that the new approach is very effectual and useful in shunning the lateral road collisions

Online discussion on WhatsApp application as a knowledge sharing among students / Ahmad Norsyakir Hanis Abdul Malek [et al. ]

The purposes of conducted this research is to identify the using of WhatsApp application as medium for a knowledge sharing among students and also to make a comparison in the practise of online discussion through WhatsApp application between two faculties in difference branches of UiTM. The existing or WhatsApp application in this era of technology has made students prefer to share knowledge through this medium because of the borderless worlds as an advantage to them. The methodology is adopted to measure the significance of the application that been used by students for knowledge sharing and also to discover others types of medium recently been used, The research relieved that the majority of students are used WhatsApp application for specific purposes in certain situation. It also could help the students in their academic matters

Investigando a degradação fotocatalítica aprimorada do azul de bromofenol usando nanopartículas de óxido de Estrôncio co-dopadas com Ni/Zn sintetizadas pelo método hidrotérmico

Excessive exposure of human to organic contaminants from industrial effluents calls for the implementation of effective pollutants removal techniques. This article investigates the photocatalytic degradation of bromophenol blue dye using Strontium oxide nanoparticles co-doped with Nickel and Zinc. Hydrothermal synthesis produced the nanoparticles, which were subsequently characterized using various analytical techniques. UV/Visible revealed absorption peaks at 294 nm, 306 nm, 311 nm, and 318 nm, while FTIR spectroscopy identified stretching peaks at 416 cm-1, 588 cm-1, and 856 cm-1 for Ni-O and Sr-O bonds. The nanoparticles displayed diameters ranging from 30.50 nm to 36.97 nm. EDX analysis confirmed the elemental composition, with Sr and O comprising of approximately 82.02 %, and Ni and Zn approximately 3.21%. Photocatalytic degradation experiments demonstrated that SrO nanoparticles 85.42% degradation efficiency, while co-doped SrO nanoparticles achieved an impressive 97.97% degradation efficiency. This work highlights the potential co-doped SrO nanoparticles as a promising solution for the efficient removal of organic pollutants from the industrial wastewater, addressing environment contamination concerns.La exposición humana excesiva a los contaminantes orgánicos de los efluentes industriales requiere la implementación de técnicas efectivas de eliminación de contaminantes. Este artículo investiga la degradación fotocatalítica del colorante azul de bromofenol utilizando nanopartículas de óxido de estroncio co-dopadas con níquel y zinc. La síntesis hidrotermal produjo las nanopartículas, que luego se caracterizaron utilizando diversas técnicas analíticas. UV/Visible reveló picos de absorción a 294 nm, 306 nm, 311 nm y 318 nm, mientras que la espectroscopia FTIR identificó picos de elongación a 416 cm-1, 588 cm-1 y 856 cm-1 para Ni-O y Sr- Los títulos. Las nanopartículas tenían diámetros que oscilaban entre 30,50 nm y 36,97 nm. El análisis EDX confirmó la composición elemental, con Sr y O comprendiendo aproximadamente el 82,02 %, y Ni y Zn aproximadamente el 3,21 %. Los experimentos de degradación fotocatalítica mostraron que las nanopartículas de SrO mostraron una eficiencia de degradación del 85,42 %, mientras que las nanopartículas de SrO co-dopadas lograron una impresionante eficiencia de degradación del 97,97 %. Este trabajo destaca las posibles nanopartículas de SrO co-dopadas como una solución prometedora para la eliminación eficiente de contaminantes orgánicos de las aguas residuales industriales, abordando los problemas de contaminación ambiental.A exposição excessiva de humanos a contaminantes orgânicos de efluentes industriais exige a implementação de técnicas eficazes de remoção de poluentes. Este artigo investiga a degradação fotocatalítica do corante azul de bromofenol usando nanopartículas de óxido de Estrôncio co-dopadas com Níquel e Zinco. A síntese hidrotérmica produziu as nanopartículas, que foram posteriormente caracterizadas usando várias técnicas analíticas. UV/Visível revelou picos de absorção em 294 nm, 306 nm, 311 nm e 318 nm, enquanto a espectroscopia FTIR identificou picos de alongamento em 416 cm-1, 588 cm-1 e 856 cm-1 para Ni-O e Sr-O títulos. As nanopartículas apresentaram diâmetros variando de 30,50 nm a 36,97 nm. A análise EDX confirmou a composição elementar, com Sr e O compreendendo aproximadamente 82,02%, e Ni e Zn aproximadamente 3,21%. Experimentos de degradação fotocatalítica demonstraram que as nanopartículas de SrO apresentam 85,42% de eficiência de degradação, enquanto as nanopartículas de SrO co-dopadas alcançaram uma impressionante eficiência de degradação de 97,97%. Este trabalho destaca os potenciais nanopartículas de SrO co-dopadas como uma solução promissora para a remoção eficiente de poluentes orgânicos de águas residuais industriais, abordando as preocupações de contaminação do meio ambiente

Thermal stability, structural and optical properties of rice husk sillica borotellurite glasses containing MnO2

The quaternary glass system {[(TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3]0.8[SiO2]0.2}1-x{MnO2}x where x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 molar fraction was prepared by melt quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the glass is confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM). The prepared glass samples had also been characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC). The glass transition(Tg), onset glass transition(To), crystallization(Tc) and melting temperature(Tm) values were measured from DSC thermo-gram. Results from DSC indicate good thermal stability and low value of fragility (F) of the prepared glass samples. Thermal stability(Ts), Hurby parameter(Kgl), fragility(F) and activation energy(Ea) were calculated for every glass composition. It is observed that the optical band gap decreases with the concentration of MnO2. On the other hand, the refractive index(n) is observed to increase as the concentration of MnO2 increases. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been done to identify the functional group in glass sample